Treble C and subsequent pitches are entered as lower case letters. Middle C is entered as C and all the pitches up to Treble C are capital letter. The pitch is usually represented by a letter. A closing square bracket after the last note ends the beam.Īudio playback is not supported in your browser. An open square bracket should be placed after the first note to be beamed. To force this, however, or if automatic beaming has been deactivated, beaming can be indicated manually. Hyphens can be created with a double dash in the lyrics (with spaces on either side).īeaming will be created automatically by the extension by default. Where a word is split into syllables this is indicated with hyphens between the syllables. Extender lines can be created with a double underscore (with space either side of it). Alternatively, one syllable can be aligned to multiple notes by using underscores instead of subsequent syllables (which would otherwise be assigned to those notes instead). Multiple syllables can be aligned to the same note by connecting the syllables with underscores. The assignment of syllables to notes can be altered by code based on underscores. If raising or lowering a note as well as changing the duration, the number follows the apostrophe or comma.Īudio playback is not supported in your browser. All subsequent notes will repeat the duration of the previous note until a new duration is specified. The duration of notes can be specified by adding a number after the letter: 1 2 4 8 or 16. This applies to the note used in relative mode as well: \relative c' is Middle C, \relative c'' is Treble C, \relative c, is Low C, etc. Similarly, notes can be lowered octaves by adding commas after the letter in the same way. Notes can be raised an octave by adding an apostrophe after the letter, raised two octaves by adding two apostrophes, and so forth. Notes can be separated into different lines or follow each other in unbroken sequence without causing any difference. LilyPond is whitespace insensitive, so it does not matter how much space is put between any element. Notes can be entered as the appropriate letters, separated by spaces. The code so far, using relative mode and Bass C but no notes as yet, will appear as: The command \relative c will start in Bass C (C3, small octave). In this mode notes are assumed to be the closest pitch the the previous note. "Relative mode" is the simplest way to write in LilyPond notation. Pipes can be entered to indicate separate bars, for example: However, with long pieces, it can be hard to read for anyone attempting to edit it (even for the original user). The following is perfectly functional code: Score ignores excess white space, which can be useful when writing music just as it is with writing computer code. It may also help to read parts of Music Theory on Wikibooks, especially the page " How to read Music". The duration of the note is shown by its appearance.įor more information, see Note value on Wikipedia.įor more complicated symbols, please refer to List of musical symbols on Wikipedia and the Wikisource help page Help:List of musical symbols. Mnemonics that can help you to remember these are " Good Boys Deserve Favours Always" (for the pitches on the lines) and " Any Cow Eats Grass" (for the pitches on the spaces). The bottom line is G and the top line is A. On staves with a bass clef (the second example in the diagram), the pitches are two lower than with a treble clef. Common mnemonics that can help you to remember these are " Every Good Boy Deserves Favours" (for the pitches on the lines) and "FACE in the space" (for the pitches on the spaces between lines). The space above is F and the line above that is G and so on until the top line, which is F. On staves with a treble clef (the first example in the diagram), the bottom line is E. Pitches are represented by the first seven letters of the alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, F and G), the next pitch after G is A again and the pattern repeats. Each line and each space is a different pitch. The pitch is shown by the vertical position of the note head. Knowing the pitch and duration of notes is important. A bar is a section of the stave, representing a period of time, marked by vertical lines called "bar lines". A stave starts with a " clef" and will usually have five lines. Notes are written in " bars" on a " stave" (or "staff"). Two or more notes with flags next to each other are often connected together these connections are called "beams". Flag: Some notes have flags, short diagonal "tails" at the end of the stem opposite to the note head.Multiple note heads on one stem are a "chord". Stem: Most notes have stems, they are the vertical lines connected to the notes head(s).Note head: All notes have a note head, a circular mark like a dot.
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